How does Z-Wave work and what is its range?

Z-Wave is a radio standard for transmitting data in a smart home system. It uses a lower radio frequency (908.42 MHz in the U.S. and 868.42 MHz in Europe) than other technologies such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to enable secure, reliable transmission of data between devices.
Each Z-Wave device is assigned a unique ID and can communicate directly with other devices without requiring a connection through a central device. This direct communication allows Z-Wave devices to "talk" to each other and pass data to form a robust mesh network.
The range of Z-Wave depends on many factors, including the environment, the number of devices on the network, and the strength of the signal. Generally, a range of up to 100 meters is reported in an open environment and up to 30 meters in a closed environment. However, it is possible to increase the range by using repeaters or signal boosters.